Combination compressor and vacuum pump



Dec 25, 1923. 11,478,929

c. M. TURSKY COMBINATION COMPRESSOR AND VACUUM PUMP Filed June 14. 19222 Sheets-Sheet 1 J 6 a5 w 0 "lZ6 0 3; 0g 5 M 6 I '55 54 40,69 45 58 .9&2; 2 7 5 5; 65 566 65d 3 62 44 I 20 A 5 v WZ II. 47

ATTORNEYS Dec 25, 1923. 1,478329 c. M. TURSKY COMBINATION COMPRESSOR ANDVACUUM PUMP Filed June 14. 1922 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented 25, 1923.

Mrs!) STATES CHARLES M. TURSKY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

COMBINATIONCOMPRESSOR ANlD VACUUM PUMP.

Application filed June 14, 1922. Serial No. 568,177.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, CHARLES M. TURSKY, a citizen of the United States ofAmerica, and a resident of the city of New York, borough of the Bronx,in the county of Bronx and State of New York, have invented a new andImproved Combination v Compressor and Vacuum Pump, of which thefollowing is a description.

My invention relates to an apparatus adapted to function either as acompressor or as a vacuum pump and more particularly is intended toconvert into a combination compressor and vacuum pump the generalorganism forming the subject matter of United States Letters PatentNumber 1,371,824, granted to me March 15, 1921.

More specifically, the invention has' in view to provide a constructionreflecting practical considerations with respect to the simplicity ofthe means for converting the apparatus to perform the compressing orpumping function as well as to improve the lubricating means enteringinto my patented assemblage referred to.

The nature of my present invention and its distinguishing features andadvantages will clearly appear as the description proceeds.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings forming a part ofthis specification, it being understood that the drawings are merelyillustrative of one example of the invention.

Figure 1 is a central vertical section of a combined compressor andvacuum pump embodying my invention, showing the assemblage arranged tofunction as a vacuum Figure 2 is a plan view thereof;

Figure 3 is a view similar to Figure 2 but showing the machine after amovement of the plunger connection through an angle of 90 in theposition of Figure 2;

Figure 4 is a transverse vertical section on the line 4-4, Figure 3;

Figures 5 and 6 are transverse vertical sections respectively on thelines 5-5 and 66, Figure 1;

Figure 7 is a view similar to Figure 5 but showing the plunger and anair valve appurtenant thereto in different relative positions from thoseshown in F1gure 5;

Figure 8 is a detail in longitudinal section as indicated by the line 88of Figure 7;

Figure 9 is a detail in longitudinal verti cal section at the oppositeend of the plunger from Figure 8, the view showing the reversal of thevalve for converting the apparatus from a vacuum pump assemblage as inFigure 1 into a compressor;

Figure 10 is a cross section on the line 10-10, Figure 1;

F i ure 11 is a View similar to Figure 10 but s owing the valve of saidfinger in different position;

Figure 12 is a cross section as indicated by the line 1212, Figure 9.

In carrying out my invention in accord ance with the illustrated examplea base or frame 15 is provided of cup shape having a horizontal bearing16 which receives a tubular drive shaft 17 equipped in practice 'by anysuitable means (not shown) for driving the same. Rigid with the hollowdrive shaft 17 is a wheel 18 within the cylindrical rim flange or sidewalls 19 of which is a cover 20 turning therewith, said cover having adriven fit in the walls 19 or otherwise arranged to turn therewith. Saidcover 20 is secured also by an axial screw 21 to a solid shaft 22 withinthe shaft 17 and secured to the latter by a key 23 or the like.

Standards 24 integral with the cupshaped frame 15 rising therefromreceive respectively a horizontal fixed cylinder 25 and a diametricallopposite horizontal fixed cylinder 26. hollow plungers 28, 29 operatingin the respective cylinders 25, 26 and rigid with each other. The onecylinder 25 has a nipple 30 on the head thereof to constitute an inletfor air when the apparatus is operated as a vacuum pump or for theoutlet of air when compressing. The inner end 32 of the cylinder 26 orthat end disposed toward the plane of the axis of drive wheel 18 is openfor the free flow of air to or from the atmosphere and communication isestablished between the open end 32 and the interior of the hollowplunger 29 by means hereinafter described.

lVithin the reduced end 31 of cylinder 25 which is provided with thenipple 30 a fitting 33 is provided and securely clamped in position bythe reduced end or head 31 of the cylinder 25. A guide pin 34 square incross section is rigid with the fitting 33 and is disposed axially inthe cylinder 25, said rod extending through the cap 35 on the plungerhead 36 operating in the cylfloating piston 27 has inder, said capcontrolling the flow of air to or from hollow plunger 28 as hereinafterexplained.

In the opposite cylinder 26 is disposed axially a square guide pin 37threaded at its outer end to engage the adjacent cylinder head. Said pinpasses through a valve cap 38 on the plunger head 39 of plunger 29 andis provided with an elongated integral housing' 40 for said pin 37. Thecap 38 constitutes a valve similar to the cap 35 as herein- :afterexplained.

The drive connection between the drive wheel 18 and the floating piston27 is generally the same as in my afore-mentioned patent essentially comrising a cylinder 41 having an axis offset om the axis of said wheel andrigid with the floating piston 27 central of the latter andperpendicular to the reciprocating path of movement of the piston. Inthe cylinder. 41 operates an oil piston42 having a ball head 43 rockablein the bearing 44 as a socket, said bearing beingprovided on the rigidcover 20 of wheel 18 and off center thereon so that the ball head willbe carried through a circular path with the turning of the wheel 18.

It is to be understood that the turning of the drive wheel 18 and theconsequent movement of the ball head 33 in a circular path about theaxis of said wheel will cause a turning of the piston 27, back and forthabout the axis of the piston and results in a reciprocating movement ofthe piston 42 in the cylinder 41. Thus, as stated in my patent abovereferred to a complete revolution of the drive wheel 18 will cause acomplete forward or return stroke of the float piston 27, that is tosay, said drive wheel in turning through 180 will effect a completeforward or backward stroke of each plunger head 39 in therespectivecylinders 25, 26. Atthe same time the oil pump piston 42 will make acomplete suction and discharge stroke or a forward and return stroke bya turning of the drive wheel 20 through 180, the oil suction strokebeing completed in and the discharge stroke in the next 90 in theturning of the drive wheel 18. Thus, the drive wheel 18 when turned fromthe position shown in Figures 1 and 2 to the position shown in Figures 3and 4 will have given half a fo ward stroke to the plunger heads 36 39and the remaining half of said stroke will be completed in the next 90movement of drive wheel 20.

The cap 35 onthe plunger head 36 has ports 45 parallel or approximatelyso with the axis of the plunger head, said ports being adapted to beplaced in communication or out of communication with ports 46 in plungerhead 36 parallel with the axis thereof or approximately so and leadingto the hollow interior of the plunger 28.

In the reciprocating of the plunger28 and the rocking of the same aboutits own axis the cap 35 will be held against turning ,to. The cap 35 isheld to the plunger head 36 by a flanged threaded ring 47 on saidplungerhead.

The floating piston 27 is chambered at the center as at 48 about thecylinder 41 for the free passage of air from one plunger head 28 to theother 29 or vice versa.

The plunger head 39 operating in cylinder 26 has oblique air ports 49inclining laterally inward from the inner end of the plunger head 39 tothe valve cap 38, that is to say, the ports 49 in approaching the capcline toward the axis of the plunger-head 30 and at their outer endssaid ports 49 are adapted to be brought into or out of register withports 50 formed in the cap 38 and disposed about the axis of said capapproximately parallel with said axis. The cap 38 is secured by a flangethreaded ring 51 on the plunger head 39 and said cap 38 is held fromturning about its own axis with the turning movement of the plunger 29by reason of the engagement of said cap 38 with the square guide pin 37.Additional longitudinal ports 52 are formed'in the plunger head 39 andrun obliquely inclining in the opposite direction from the inclinationof the ports 49, so that said ports 52 incline from the plane of theports 50 toward the axis of the plunger head 39. The ports 52 areadapted to be brought into or out of register at their outer ends withthe interior of the hollow plunger 29, whereas the oppositely inclinedports 49 communicate with the in terior of the cylinder 26 outside ofplunger 29 and are therefore in communication with the atmospherethrough the open end 32 of the cylinder 26.

The cap or head 53 of the cylinder 41 of the oil pump is preferably ofglass or other transparent material by which the circula tion may beobserved and said cap is secured movement of the head 43 due to theturning of the wheel 18 aboutits own axis. Also, formed in the cover 20in the wheel 18 is an axial port 57 in register with an axial port 58 inthebearing 44 and adapted like ports 55, 56 to be brought intermittentlyinto register with the axial oil passage 54 of piston 42. At the outerend ofthe cyl- ,rin

inder 41 adjacent to the cap 53 radial oil ports 59 are formed in thecylinder 41 and communicate with an oil groove 59 formed in the cylinder41 at the exterior, that is to say between the outer surface of saidcylinder 41 and the inner surface of the flange 53*. From the oil groove59 there lea oil passages 60 longitudinally in the walls of the plungeis28, 29 respectively to points in the planes of the plunger heads 36, 39.From the outer ends of the longitudinal oil passages 60 extend passages61 (see Figure 6) radially outward to and in the plane of annular oilgrooves 62 formed respectively in the plunger heads 36, 39, for applyingthe lubricant to the cylinder walls.

Within the fitting 33 of cylinder 25 is a valve body or shell 63 of cupshape, one end being open for the free admission of air and the otherhaving an axial air passage 63 A valve 64 advantageously cupshaped androunded at its seating end has external ribs 64, the spaces betweenwhich afford passage for air about the valve. Valve 64 is adapted toseat on the valve body 63 at the axial passage 63* to control the flowof air to said passage, and said valve is adapted to pass air throughthe valve body 63 and to or from air ports 65 in the fitting 33approximately parallel with the axis thereof so that communication isestablished between the nipple 30 and the cylinder 25 through thevvalvebody 63 and ports 65.

In Figure l the valve 64 is disposed with its closed end toward thenipple 30, the assemblage functioning as a vacuum pump. In Figure 9 thevalve 64, it will be observed, is reversed or turned end to end as isalso the valve body 63, so that the axial air passage 63 of valve body63 is adjacent to the ports 65, instead of being adjacent to the nipple30 as in Figure 1. With the turning of the drive wheel 18 the floatingpiston 27 and its plungers 28, 29 will be reciprocated and will have arocking movement about the axis of said piston through the connectionafforded by the oil pump piston 42 and cylinder 41 as previouslyreferred to. With the said movements of the plunger 28 as the plungerrocks about its own axis the ports 45 will be brought intermittentlyinto and out of register with the ports 46 to pass the admitted air tothe cylinder 25. With the suction stroke of the plunger 36 the valve 64will open and pass air through the ports 65 to the interior of cylinder25 in front of plunger 36. At this time the relative movements of thecap 35 and plunger head 36 will have disposed ports 45, 46 out ofregister.

Prior to the outward or forward stroke of the plunger head 36 asdescribed and the intake of air at the interior of both plungers, therocking of the plunger 29 simultaneously with the plunger 28 will havebrought the ports 50 and 52 into register with each other. In thecontinued movement of the drive wheel 18 through a revolu tion' thefloating piston 27 will be so rocked as to bring the ports 46 intoregister with the ports 45, so that as plunger head 36 moves outwardlyair will pass through the hollow plungers 28, 29 and through ports 52,50 to the front of the plunger head 39. Finally, the rocking of theplunger 29 will take the ports 50, 52 out of register, and will havebrought the ports 49, 50 into register so that upon the forward oroutward stroke of the plunger head 39 the air in front of the saidplunger 39 and in front of its cap 38 will pass through the ports 50, 49to the open end 32 of the cylinder 26 and to the atmosphere.

To convert the apparatus from a vacuum pump assemblage as shown inFigure 1 to I a compressor assemblage as in Figure 9, the cylinders 25,26 areturned through 60 to reverse the relation of the ports in theheads 36, 39 and plungers 28, 29 and in the plunger caps 35, 38 and thevalve 64 is reversed from the position shown in Figure 1 to the positionshown in Figure 9.

With the valve 64 reversed as in Figure 9 a stroke of the plunger 29 tothe right will draw in air through the open end 32 of cylinder 26through the ports 49, 50 to the front of the plunger 29 and in front ofits cap 38 and upon the return stroke of the plunger 29 outwardly theplunger will have so turned about its own axis as to take the ports 49out of register with the ports 50 and will have brought ports 50 intoregister with the ports 52 to pass the air to the interior of theplunger 29' during the outward stroke of said plunger. In the meantimeon said outward stroke of the plunger 29 the ports 46 will be broughtinto register with the ports 45 to pass the air taken into the plungers,through said ports 45, 46 to the front of the plunger head 36 at theright so that upon the next outward stroke of said plunger head 36, theports 45, 46 will be placed out of register so that the air in front ofthe said plunger head 36 will be forcedoutwardly, past the valve 64 atthe exterior thereof, to the nipple 30 to be conducted to'another .pointof de livery of compressed air. Thus, there will be a two-stagecompression, the first, in passing from in front of the plunger head 39to the interior of the plungers 28, 29 and secondly, in being forcedfrom the cylinder 25 by plunger head 36 to the nipple 30. During a halfrevolution of the drive wheel 18 the oil piston 42 will have made acomplete forward and backward stroke in the cylinder 41. In the downwardstroke of the piston 42 and the moving of said piston away from thecylinder cap 53,-sucti0n will be produced in front of the piston 42,thereby producing a suction in front of the piston and causing oil toflow from the cup afforded by the wheel 18 through ports 57, 58 and intopassage 54 and to the front of the piston, so that upon the upwardstroke of the piston 42 toward the cylinder cap 53, the port 58 will beout of register with the axial passage 54 and oil will be forced throughthe ports 59, groove 59, passage 60, port 61 and groove 62, to the wallsof the cylinders 25, 26. As the piston 42 is given an angular movementin its bearing 44 during the turning of the wheel 18 and thereciprocation of the piston 42, the ports 55, 56 will be brought intoregister with the axial passage 54 of the piston so that in the finalupward stroke of said piston toward the cylinder cap the oil can returnto the wheel 18. It is to be understood that the cap valves 35 and 38are adjustable to accord with the position of the reversing valve forcompressing or pumpmg.

The numeral 66 indicates a screw plug closing an oil filling hole in cap20 for charging cupped wheel 18 with oil.

I would state in conclusion that while the illustrated exampleconstitutes a practical embodiment of my invention, I do not limitmyself strictly to the exact details herein illustrated, since,manifestly, the same can be considerably varied without departure fromthe spirit of the invention as defined in the appended claims. Forexample, a plurality of cylinder and piston assemblages may be employed.

Having thus described my invention, I claim:

1. An apparatus of the class described including oppositely disposedcylinders each having an air opening, a floating. piston having plungerheads operating in said cylinders, said piston affording a flow of airtherethrough between the cylinders and in communication with thecylinders through said plunger heads, valve means on and travelling withsaid plunger heads and controlling the flow of air therethrough, andmeans to operate said valve means of. the respective plunger headsduring the operation of the piston to cause air to be taken into onecylinder and pass through said piston and to air opening of the othercylinder. v

2. An apparatus of the class described including oppositely disposedcylinders, each having an air opening, a floating piston having plungerheads operating in said cylinders, said piston affording a flow of airtherethrough between the cylinders and in communication with thecylinders through said plunger heads, valve means on and travelling withsaid plunger heads and controlling the flow of air therethrough, andmeans to reciprocate said piston and cause a rocking thereof about itsown axis asit reciprocates,

said valve means opening and closing by the turning of said piston.

3. An apparatus of the class described including oppositely disposedcylinders each having an an opening, a floating piston having plungerheads operating in said cylinders, said piston affording a flow of airtherethrough and in communication with said cylinders through saidplunger heads, valve means to control the flow of air through saidpiston, and means to reciprocate said piston and to cause a turningmovement thereto about its own axis as it reciprocates, said valve meansbeing subject to the turning movement of said piston.

4. An apparatus of the class described including oppositely disposedcylinders each having an air opening, a floating piston having p ungerheads operating in said cylinders, means to actuate said piston in saidcylinders and to oscillate the piston on its own axis, said pistonafi'ording a flow of air therethrough and in communication with saidcylinders through said plunger heads, and valve means to control theflow of air through said piston, said valve means operable by theoscillation of the piston.

5. An apparatus of the class described including oppositely disposedcylinders each having an air opening, a floating piston having plungerheads operating in said cylinders, said piston affording a flow of airtherethrough between the cylindersand in communication with thecylinders through said plunger heads, valve means on and trav ellingwith said plunger heads and controlling the flow of air therethrough, adrive element, an off-center drive connection between said drive elementand the piston between the plunger heads, and valve means subject to themovements of the piston to controlthe passage of air to and from thepiston.

6. An apparatus of the class described including oppositely disposedcylinders each having an air opening, a floating piston having plungerheads 0 crating in said cylinders, said iston a ording a flow of airtherethroug from one cylinderto another, valve means carried by theplunger heads, a drive element, connection between said drive elementand said piston to reciprocate the latter and to turn the same about itsown axis in reciprocating, and means to hold the valve means againstturning while the piston turns for opening and closing the respectivevalves to cause air to be taken into a cylinder in front of the plungerhead therein and to then pass the air through the piston to the othercylinder for expulsion upon the succeeding stroke of the plunger head insaid last-mentioned cylinder.

7. An apparatus of the class described including oppositely disposedcylinders each having an air opening, a floating piston having plungerheads operating in said cylindcrs, said piston affording a flow of airtherethrough between the cylinders and in communication with thecylinders through said plunger heads, non-turnable valves carried by theplunger heads, and means to reciprocate said plungers and to turn thesame relatively to said valves in reciprocating.

8. A convertible air compressor and vacuum pump including oppositelydisposed cylinders each having an air opening adapted to be optionallyconstituted an air inlet or an air discharge, a floating pistonafl'ording passage of air therethrough, from either one of the cylindersto the other, a reversible valve controlling the air opening of onecylinder for a compressing or a pumping operation, means to actuate saidplston, and, valve means on the lungers to control the admission of airto t 6 piston from a cylinder and its discharge to the other cylinder,said valve means on the plungers being subject to the movements of thepiston and ad ustable to accord with the position of the reversiblevalve.

9. An apparatus of the class described including cylinders each havingan opening for air. a hollow piston having plunger heads operating insaid cylinders and adapted to compress air or to operate as a vacuumpump, air valves opening and closing by the movement of the piston topass air through the latter and adjustable to accord with thecompressing or pumping action, and an optionally reversible valve in theair opening of one cylinder, the disposition of said valve serving tocause the piston and cylinders to compress or to functlon as a vacuumpump.

10. An apparatus of the class described including o ositely disposedcylinders, a floating hollliw piston having plunger heads operating inthe respective cylinders, means to reciprocate said piston and impartturning movement thereto about its own axis,

ing plunger heads operating in said cylinvalve caps on the plunger headscontrolling the passage of air therethrough, and means to hold said capsagainst turning with the turning of the piston for permitting or cutting ofi the flow of air through the plunger heads. 1

11. An apparatus of the class described including oppositely disposedcylinders each having an air opening, a floating piston havders andaffording passage of air between the cylinders, means to reciprocatesaid piston and impart turnlng movement thereto, a

- valve on one plunger head held against turning, the last-mentionedplunger head and its said valve having air ports alternately broughtinto and out of register by the turning of said plunger head, and avalve on the other plunger head held agamst turnmg, said last-mentionedvalve having a1r ports and the last-mentioned plunger havinglongitudinal ports leading respectively from the interior of the adacent cylinder to the ports of said last-mentioned valve and from theinterior of the piston to said ports of said last-mentioned valve, therespective ports of the last-mentioned plunger being subject to theturning of the piston to alternately register with the portsof theadjacent valve. i a

12. An apparatus of the class described including a floating hollowpiston affording a passage therethrough for air, operating means toreciprocate said piston and to turn the same about its own axis, meansto cause air to be drawn into said piston at one end by thereciprocating movements of the-piston, and valve means to control thedischarge of air from the opposite end of the piston, said valve meanssubject to the turning movements of the piston.

13. An apparatus of the class described including a floating hollowpiston affording a passage therethrough for air, valve means at an endof said piston adjustable to permit flow of air to or from the piston,and means at the opposite end of the piston to control flow of air to orfrom the piston.

14. An apparatus of the class described including a floating hollowpiston affording a passage therethrough for air, valve means at an endof said piston adjustable to permit .fiow of air to or from the piston,and valve means at the opposite end of the piston to control the flow ofair to or from the piston to accord with the air movements atthe'first-mentioned end.

15. An apparatus of the class described including a floating hollowpiston afiording a passage therethrough for air, valve means at an endof said piston adjustable to permit flow of air to or from the piston,and means remote from said valve means to pass air to or from theinterior of the piston to accord with the flow of air through said valvemeans.

16. An apparatus of the class described including a piston affording apassage therethrough for air, means to reciprocate said piston and toturn the same about its own axis, a plunger on said piston, a cylinderin which said plunger operates, valve means on said plunger subject tothe movement of said piston for the opening and closing of said valvemeans, said valve means being variable to pass air to or from the pistonand to or from said cylinder, and air controlling'means remote from saidvalve means and variable to control the flow of air to accord with theadjustment and operation of said valve means.

17. An apparatus of the class described including oppositely disposedcylinders each having an air opening, a floating piston having plungerheads operating in said cylinders, said piston affording a flow of airtherethrough between the cylinders and in communication with thecylinders through said plunger heads, valve means on and travelling withsaid plunger heads and controlling the flow of air therethrough, a driveelement, an off-center drive c0nnection betwen said drive element andthe piston between the plunger heads, and valve means subject to themovements of the piston to control the passage of air to and from thepiston, said drive connection consistin of a lubricating pump comprisingan oi cylinder in communication with the firstmentioned cylinders todirect oil thereto, a piston operating-in the oil cylinder, said pistonhaving an oil passage in communication with the oil cylinder, an oilcontainer, means to afford flow of oil from said container to saidpiston passage, and means to afford flow of oil from said piston passageto the 'oil container, said piston adapted to alternately take oil fromthe container and .return oil thereto by the turning of said driveelement.

18. An apparatus of the class described including oppositely disposedcylinders,each having an air opening adapted to be optionallyconstituted an air inlet or an air discharge, a floating piston havingplungers operating in said cylinders and afl'o'rding passage of airtherethrough from either one of the cylinders to the other, a reversiblevalve controlling the air opening of one cylinder for compressing orpumping operation, according to the position of said valve, and valvemeans controlling the flow of an through said piston and adjustable toac cord with the position of the reversible between the cylinders, andmechanically operated discharge and inlet alVQS for the low and highpressure cylinders respectively.

20. An apparatus of the class described including oppositely disposedcylinders, each having an air opening, a floating tubular piston havingplunger heads in said cylinders and adapted to establish communicationbetween the cylinders, a discharge valve from the low pressure cylinderand a mechanically operated inlet valve to the high pressure cylinder.

21. An apparatus of the class described including oppositely disposedcylinders, each having an air opening, a floating tubular piston havingplunger heads in said cylinders and adapted to establish communicationbetwen the cylinders, a mechanically operated discharge valve from oneof said cylinders and an automatic inlet valve to another of saidcylinders.

CHARLES M. TURSKY.

